• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention describes a new equipment for injecting metallic materials into polymer-based molds, the mold itself necessary for such equipment and the method of operation of the assembly, so that molds with properties of greater or lesser property are applied of flexibility to a pressure injection of metal on them, being possible the regulation of the parameters of pressure, speed, closing of the mold, conditions of the material, and thanks to a new mold of polymeric base that adapts its configuration to the tight and damped coupling with the rest of the system, and the pressure injection of the material. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2631502A1
    申请号:ES201631163
    申请日:2016-09-06
    公开日:2017-08-31
    发明作者:Ferran NAVARRO TEIXIDÓ
    申请人:Com Nicem-Exinte S A - Coniex；Comercial Nicem-Exinte Sa - Coniex；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    Metal injection equipment in polymer mold, polymer mold used and set operation procedure
    Object of the invention.
    More specifically, the invention relates to a new equipment and process for injecting metallic materials into polymer-based molds for the production of parts.
    State of the art.
    The processes of injection of materials on non-flexible molds to achieve the production of parts are widely known, and therefore form part of the state of the art.
    These processes are based on the injection of the material at a stipulated pressure to transport said material to the interior of the non-flexible mold, usually metal, where they solidify forming the part inside the mold, having to be demoulded to be able to take them out and continue with the production.
    The use of these molds prevents a simple demoulding, which forces to have demoulding systems that help to realize it.
    Changes in the shape of the pieces implies the
    realization of new metal molds or their modification. The realization of each of these molds implies the manufacture of them in materials of considerable cost, as well as an important time of supply of the same molds that delays the launch of each piece, not to mention the consequences of the errors in the manufacture of a new mold in terms of costs and waste of time. All these inconveniences create, among other consequences, the impossibility of creating short series of pieces at low prices.
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    On the other hand, centrifugal molding processes in flexible molds are also known and are part of the state of the art, achieving a faster mold creation and lowering their costs, but with a great deficiency in applications, since which does not allow the creation of pieces of tight dimensional tolerances, nor the qualities or finishes that can be created at injection pressures higher than the spin action. Furthermore, said centrifugation creates deformations in the pieces that are made in each casting, producing a deformation proportional to the radius of the position of the piece with respect to the axis of rotation of the centrifugal mold, these deformations being very complicated to correct and control.
    In this way, it is known that the processes and equipment known to be involved in the manufacture by metal molding have several drawbacks, either due to the time of supplies and the high costs of preparing the new molds to be used for each new part, while the use of flexible molds in castings suffer from lack of both dimensional quality and finishes of the pieces, as well as a lack of resistance and stability for metal injections, all using uncontrolled processes in their basic operating parameters and not being coordinated with each other.
    Description of the Invention.
    The present invention has the purpose of creating a new molding equipment for the injection of metal parts, which allows to reduce the cost and the time of launch of the mold using polymeric molds conditioned to said metal injection, allowing the manufacture of certain parts complexity, with a control of the dimensional quality and of finishing, by means of a process and an equipment that allows the coordinated regulation of the parameters of performance to be able to
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    perform said injection in a mold with a certain degree of flexibility.
    It is also an aim of the present invention to have a process that allows said metal molding to be carried out in a polymeric mold, as well as the creation of an adapted polymeric mold that allows its use in injection under metal pressure.
    To achieve this, the recommended invention is embodied in an equipment, and method that is executed therein, of pressure injection of a metallic material in a fixed mold system of the polymeric type, which is preferably of the elastomeric type, preferably of vulcanization. hot (HTV) or by liquid silicones (LSR), which will have the consequent flexibility properties, to a greater or lesser extent, according to the specific application that is given, moving in mold hardness between 20 and 95 Shore A.
    The joint application of these two concepts, the injection of metallic material and the use of polymer mold, makes it necessary to create a new equipment with the characteristics indicated below, following a novel process, which will preferably be fully controlled and automated to allow an ideal and repeatable quality on any piece to be manufactured.
    The metal mold metal injection equipment has means for transferring and injecting the metal to be injected under the appropriate conditions, which are fed by the metal supply means, preferably introducing said means for transferring and injecting partially or total inside the indicated metal supply means, that is to say of the melting pot or melting furnace of the metal, collecting the metal from said corresponding container or equipment, under the ideal injection conditions, transporting said metal to the
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    pressure system, to be able to perform the metal injection on the mold.
    With respect to the devices where molten metal is contained, heated systems are available, with temperature control of said systems, with different agitation, filtering or combination systems of these or other elements that achieve the necessary conditions of the metal for optimum injection, since the materials to be injected can be of various characteristics. Preferably, low melting metals, below 660 ° C, are used, such as alloys containing lead, tin, zinc, aluminum, magnesium, although other types of metals can also be used in this equipment / process.
    The metal injection equipment, preferably, can have an automatic system of a metal control system in the transfer and injection means so that the level drop in the device containing the molten metal does not affect the action of the injection system for having a lower level of metal after various actions.
    The means of transfer and injection of the metal are constituted by means of displacement through them of said metal, and by a system of pressure towards it the molten metal is carried and which is in charge of injecting the metal on the base mold polymeric
    Usually these means of transfer and injection can be constituted by a swan neck, heated, which is submerged inside the crucible or oven with the material to be injected, with a pressure system that performs the injection on the mold. Alternatively, said transfer and injection means will be characterized by having an injection chamber, usually of the siphon type, prior to the mold, which is filled with the material to be injected from the
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    oven or crucible, and where the pressure system acts, to inject it into the mold inlet.
    The pressure system is based on a set of elements that drive the material to be injected into the mold at a given pressure, in a non-atmospheric way, configurable manually or automatically by means of regulation and control. Usually said pressure system is made from the action of a mechanical means (pneumatic piston, hydraulic system, linear actuators of the endless type or the like, etc.) which is controlled by the means of regulation and control, being able to adjust the parameters of pressure, feed, stages and speed on the material when injecting.
    The regulation is carried out in the different stages in which the injected process can be divided, which are those that the user wants or needs, since advantageously using advance systems that are configurable in their travel position, as well as in the speed in which they move, either by the regulation of the pressure capable of exerting the pneumatic or hydraulic advance system, or the speed of a linear actuator system itself, it is allowed to regulate said speed, advance and pressure of the system of pressure, for each time / stage in which the proper process of
    injection, managing to control and regulate the filling speed of the mold, according to the characteristics of the pieces to be formed, the mold, etc.
    The speed at the entrance of the piece will be set to be between 0.1 m / s and 15 m / s so that the pressure regulation of the pressure system itself will go from 0.1 bar to 150 bar, providing an acceleration desired and a final speed depending on the pushing surface of the system used,
    for example, from the surface of the piston that pushed the metal through the swan neck towards the nozzle and into the
    mold. All this controlling the progress of said system of
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    Press to a precision of millimeters, to control the amount of material injected into the mold and even manage to inject exact amounts, by regulating the travel of the piston or injection element used.
    As we have seen, the means of transferring and injecting metal have the final objective of injecting the metal into the polymer mold to mold the pieces. In order for said operation to be carried out correctly, the injection equipment on polymer mold has mold support means that close it and that are coupled with the corresponding part of the transfer and injection means, usually in its outlet nozzle of the metal under pressure.
    More specifically, the mold support and closure means are formed at least by a mold positioning / centering system so that it is placed in the correct position for coupling, and by an adjustable pressure closure system. In this way, the polymer-based mold will be placed in the support and closing means following a positioning / centering system and the assembly will be closed at a pressure such that metal injection into said mold can be made without problems. of separation of the same, but without having problems of deformation due to excess pressure on the mold. The pressure exerted by the support and closing means for the correct closing of the mold is adjustable, preferably reaching up to 100 kN, from the corresponding control means manually or automatically. As a measure added to the support and closing means, a joint integrated in the mold or independent of it can be provided, which facilitates the closing action at lower pressures.
    The injection equipment has a tight coupling, at the working pressure, between the transfer means and
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    injection and the mold, preferably by the coupling between the outlet of the transfer and injection means and the set of support and closing means of the mold, which contain said mold.
    The inclination with which the metal is injected into the mold must allow the molten metal to return to the heated areas once the injection process is finished, or leave the nozzle in a position that cannot accumulate metal that is It can solidify or even be in different conditions than where molten metal is injected to be injected, preventing it from solidifying at some point in the equipment causing unwanted seals.
    The injection equipment has a system to create a vacuum inside the mold that will allow the extraction of air for the correct filling of the housings of the pieces, controlled by the means of regulation and control manually or automatically. Said vacuum system allows its regulation until a vacuum pressure of 5 mbar of absolute pressure is obtained.
    This process is carried out beforehand, and / or during the regulated metal injection, so that the volume of air displaced by the molten metal that is injected inside the mold is minimal, avoiding possible problems of bubbles, deformations, or impediment of the correct filling of the ducts and spaces to form pieces made in the mold.
    A pressure limiting system can be included to prevent excess vacuum from occurring and clogging the metal passageways through the mold. This system of creation of vacuum in the mold is tightly coupled to the mold through an opening of the same that communicates with all the channels and interior spaces that will receive the pressurized metal injected through independent or specific channels that communicate with them, connecting in this way the hollow
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    intended to form the part with the vacuum system by a
    minimum section so that no metal passes.
    This vacuum system will usually consist of a vacuum pump system, a vacuum tank, measuring elements, particle filters and possible contaminants and the corresponding valves and ducts.
    The application of polymeric molds in injection processes, may make necessary means of evacuation of heat and in some cases even means of cooling
    of the mold to achieve the correct realization of the pieces, as well as the maintenance of the properties of said molds.
    In the case of polymers with a high thermal insulating power, the option of preheating to prepare the mold for injection is considered, or alternatively, introduce a cooling or heating layer or element into the mold that facilitates the thermal exchange with the injected material.
    Externally, one of the possible forms of refrigeration are the ventilated tables or the cooling in the support and closing means.
    All equipment components, both the device
    maintenance of the conditions of the metal in the crucible or oven, the means of transfer and injection, the means of support and
    Closing the mold, as well as the operation of the vacuum system, are governed by means of regulation and control of the equipment / process, which can be both manual and automatic, to adapt the parameters of the equipment and the process to different types of parts , injection materials, molds, customer specifications, etc. This regulation and
    control, preferably automatic, is carried out thanks to said means of regulation and control of the process. The parameters that are controlled and modified by these control means and
    regulation, statically before each injection procedure according to the mold, the material to be injected and the piece to
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    Obtain, or dynamically during the injection process, to be able to correct parameters, such as the closing pressure, that dynamically evolve during the injection process and that make a different regulation necessary in the different stages that the process passes. These parameters are:
    - The parameters in which the material to be injected into the delivery device is located.
    - The force of the support and closing means on the mold.
    - The pressure, position and injection speed of the mechanical means applied by the thrust on the molten metal.
    - Control of the quantity, speed, pressure, temperature, etc., of the injected material and the means of transfer.
    - Mold cooling parameters and solidification time.
    - The parameters of the vacuum system.
    The polymer-based molds used so far in the molding of metallic materials in centrifugal machines or in other types of molding systems, are not applicable to processes of injection of metals under pressure, due to the deformations of the mold indicated in the State of the Art, as well as the high pressure and the metal used in said injection, with which the polymer mold to be used in this injection equipment will depend on the requirements of the piece to be injected, and may be necessary from an elastomeric type mold that confers said property. of elasticity, to other polymers of almost negligible flexibility, using a configuration in the metal inlet system to the mold that prevents damage to it and a correct distribution of a material such as molten metal.
    Said mold, of variable geometry according to the needs, whether round, square or other geometry, and of polymeric composition also variable according to the needs of regulating the
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    flexibility properties, two parts are available in the usual, to be able to unmold it and extract the pieces, having at least one of said parts input means of the injected material, which lead from said input to the distribution channels to the cavities that form the pieces.
    The entry of material must be done maintaining the conditions designed, so that the connection between the means of transfer and injection and the system of entry of the mold must allow tightness, to be able to perform the injection under pressure, which usually can be achieved with the coupling of the support and closing means, where the mold and its entry system are joined, to the means of transfer and injection of the mold, or by direct connection of the means of transfer and injection to said input means of the mold.
    To adapt the polymer-based mold system to the metal pressure injection process, achieving the necessary resistance to the working pressure of the injection equipment, the mold has its own distribution part of the mold, which is preferably located in its inside, in the mold entry system, at the point of
    branch / distribution of the inflow from the transfer and injection means, to the mold filling channels. This distribution part integrated into the mold,
    preferably fixed in the vulcanization / formation process of said mold, it is made of a material of greater resistance than that of an elastomer, preferably metallic or ceramic materials that cannot be modified or
    deteriorated with the pressures used, or with the flow of metal at that pressure, and with a shape that facilitates the
    channeling and distribution of the inflow to the
    Inner channels of the mold, without influencing the injection pressure against the wall of the polymer mold, avoiding
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    deformation thereof, as well as the possible losses of load by the direct and perpendicular beating on a wall of the same mold, from where it is distributed to the channels themselves, said distribution piece being the principle of said channels.
    In the same way, a new system of independent or specific ducts is created in the mold that connect with the spaces destined to form the pieces, and therefore, in contact with the distribution channels, which have air inside at the moment prior to the injection, and where said ducts are connected to the vacuum system.
    On the other hand, the mold design includes overflows, which can collect the air that may be left after the vacuum and is being pushed by the metal once the injection begins.
    Optionally, the molds that are used in the present metal injection system can present internal protections or new distribution parts at other points of impact of the injected material as well as at the entrance from the transfer and injection means. These can be located at points that can receive the pressure and speed of the injected material, in addition to being formed by a composition and a design capable of receiving said pressure and speed of the injected material, without varying the final shape of the piece under advantageously tolerances little. These protections can be made superficially in the mold, internally at the points chosen to increase the resistance, providing a stratification of the mold that combines the most flexible areas with points of greater rigidity.
    Alternatively, hybrid molds can be incorporated, in which certain completely rigid, fixed or removable parts are available, using materials resistant to deformation and wear and / or breakage. In this way you can have molds that, for example, have a housing in the area
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    of molding containing hairpieces, for the creation of parts of the piece, which are rigid.
    The process is based on the choice of the mold to be used according to the piece to be produced This process, usually manual, can be performed alternatively in an automated way, by means of a carousel system that incorporates the different molds that will be used in the production process, reducing the time between mold changes, and allowing automatic feeding, which part of the mold store, from where they are identified, collected and transported to the injection equipment, where the molds are deposited in an insert carousel in the injection equipment, being identified by the team in charge of introducing them into the injection equipment , and thus at each moment you can automatically change the part to be produced, thanks to the control of said automated system of the means of regulation and control of the injection equipment.
    Once in the injection equipment, the mold is placed in the support and closing means, in which it is positioned correctly thanks to the centers available, and closed to the pressure that has been regulated (manually or automatically) and that it depends on the injection pressure and the type of piece to be produced, since larger pieces will have a greater projected area and will need more closing pressure than small pieces, said upper closing force being at a value that depends on the type of mold, so as not to deform it.
    The material to be injected is in the optimal conditions to carry out the process inside the oven / crucible, said conditions being able to be controlled from the means of regulation and control of the injection equipment or being independent.
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    The means for transferring and injecting the injection equipment collect the metal under the appropriate conditions of said furnace / crucible so that the pressure system, once the filling stage begins, can dispose in the chamber of said pressure system of the corresponding metal and thus being able to exert pressure on it, and perform the injection stage.
    At the beginning of the injection process itself, prior to and / or during the development of the injection itself regulated in the mold, according to the stage in which the process is located, the vacuum is carried out on the mold to extract the air from the channels and spaces for the formation of pieces, by means of vacuum that are tightly coupled to said mold by an opening provided for that purpose. This vacuum is controlled by the regulation and control system, which may be manual or automatic, so that the vacuum pressure applied with respect to each of the molds used at any time can be controlled, and therefore with constitution properties possibly different, and the type of pieces to be made.
    The metal is then injected into the polymer-based mold, at a pressure and speed that allows the molding of the pieces in said mold. These values controlled by the means of control and regulation, allow the operation of the system at speeds and pressures that advantageously improve the parameters that until now could be used in these processes, applied on the non-stationary flexible mold, that is to say centrifuges, since the speeds, pressure and time of the metal injection process can be regulated from said means, for each type of part and mold to be used, and can be done automatically or manually.
    The injection stage consists of different sub-stages which are controlled and regulated by the media.
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    of control, and in coordination / synchronization with the support and closing means of the mold, synchronizing the intensity of the force, position and speed of the pressure system, which is exerted on the metal to be injected, as found in the filling principle of the mold, in its general filling, or in its final part. This sub-division in stages can be done in multiple divisions more at the convenience of the user who configures the process, thanks to the use of control means.
    The metal injection applied and the time of
    Solidification are regulated for each type of part and material injected, proceeding once finished to the opening of the support and closing means of the mold, for its extraction manually or automatically, and the introduction of a new empty mold for the next process Metal injection.
    The advantageous characteristics of said equipment, process and mold provide the invention with solutions to the problems caused by injected and centrifugal foundry equipment. Thus the metal injection equipment in fixed flexible molds shown here, its associated mold and the operation process allows:
    • Regarding the known injected foundry:
    o Have a mold for the production of a new metal part, in a short space of time, since polymeric molds can be created much faster than metal ones and therefore can start the production of the new metal part in a much shorter period of time, usually between 1 and 3 hours.
    o Reduce the manufacturing costs of the molds by not having to be made of non-flexible metal materials that require machining processes, and therefore much more expensive.
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    or
    or
    • With or
    or
    or
    or
    • With or
    It allows to have a simple demoulding of the metal parts injected with counter-outlet geometries, impossible to manufacture with non-flexible metal molds, which always need a positive exit angle, or the use of complex molds of several parts, where parts are used phones that allow these geometries.
    It allows to make short or medium series at a low price, due to the low cost of creation of the mold, with respect to metal molds. Regarding the known centrifugal system:
    Have a shorter cycle time and therefore increase productivity, thanks to not having to reach optimal revolutions to perform laundry, and to use a higher injection pressure, and obtain a less solidification time.
    It prevents the deformation of the pieces due to the centrifugal force that causes the liquid metal to deform the flexible mold proportionally to the radius and square of the angular speed of rotation.
    It allows the achievement of lower and controlled tolerances (repeatable process) in the manufacture of parts. It allows a superior finish with respect to centrifugal casting due to the higher working pressure.
    Allows the manufacture of parts with older
    mechanical properties due to the superior compaction pressure of the metal. Regarding both known processes:
    It allows to control the operating parameters of the elements and systems that make up the equipment / process, either automatically or manually, to be able to
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    modify them and synchronize them in each of the steps that exist in each of the stages, if necessary, with which a simulation of software filling processes is achieved.
    Other details and features will be revealed in the course of the description given below, in which reference is made to the drawings that are attached to this report, in which an embodiment is shown by way of illustration but not limitation practice of the invention Description of the figures.
    Figure 1 is a perspective view of the polymer mold injection equipment, with the transfer and injection means partly submerged in the molten metal furnace.
    Figure 2 is an elevation view of the injection system where the detail of the coupling between mold, closure means and injection means is marked.
    Figure 3 is a view of the coupling detail of the polymer mold, the closure means and the injection means.
    Figure 4 is an elevation view of the swan neck type injection system.
    Figure 5 is a top plan view of a polymer mold seen from its inner part.
    Description of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
    In one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, as can be seen in Figures 1 to 5, the new polymer based mold injection unit (10) has various systems that form it, and which include means of support and closure (12) of the mold (11), transfer and injection means (13) of the metal, and vacuum generation means not graphed in the figures, all governed by means of regulation and control (15) , which in the present embodiment are contemplated automatically.
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    The injection equipment (10) needs a supply of molten metal under the ideal conditions of temperature and agitation for its injection into the mold (11). This molten metal will be supplied in the present embodiment by a furnace (16) which has parameters for regulating said temperature and stirring conditions, having its own means of regulation and control, although alternatively said means of regulation and control of the furnace ( 16) could be connected to those of the injection equipment (10) so that it was also governed from the (10) centrally, and even, in alternative embodiments, the oven (16) could become part of the injection equipment itself (10)
    The transfer and injection means (13) are formed by swan-neck ducts, which in the present embodiment are heated, through which the metal will move, where said means (13) are partially introduced into the metal itself melted in the oven (16), the bottom of the swan neck being submerged, that is to say the filling area of the drive chamber (21), so that it is always fed by the metal through the opening (22). The pressure system for injecting the metal onto the mold (11) is carried out by means of the action of a piston (24) which, according to its advance, provides pressure and speed conditions to the metal to be injected, where said advance, travel, pressure and pressure system speed is controlled and regulated by the means (15), knowing the advance position of said piston and the previous parameters.
    As indicated, in this embodiment there are means of transfer and injection (13) that are inside the supply means, oven (16), although alternatively these injection means (13) can be external, cold chamber type, the metal must be supplied
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    cast by a transfer system that fills the corresponding pressure system.
    The end of the transfer and injection means, formed by an injection nozzle (23), must be tightly coupled to the support and closure means (12) containing the mold (11). This coupling is made at an angled angle of 10 ° with the horizontal to be able to collect by gravity any excess amount of injected material. Alternatively, this inclination can be varied, provided that this return of molten metal to the heated area of the injection system is achieved.
    The injection equipment (10) has support and closing means (12) in which the mold (11) must be inserted to be used according to the type of piece to be produced. The choice of the mold (11) in the present embodiment is done manually, and will be identified in the regulation and control means (15) so that the characteristics of said mold (11) and part are known, and adjustments can be made necessary closing pressures, speeds and injection pressures, as well as the quantity of product, all this automatically.
    In alternative embodiments, automated mold supply means (11) will be available, based on a mold carousel in which the molds to be used in the productive period and which are to be used in the equipment are placed. injection (10). The supply of said molds to the injection equipment is carried out by an automated process by means of recognition and control of references of the molds and a transport / exchange system thereof.
    The support and closing means (12) are formed by two parallel closing plates (31, 32), with the possibility of relative displacement between them, by means of guiding means of displacement in the structure of the equipment, for
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    be able to introduce the corresponding mold (11) between said plates (31, 32), and be able to close by exercising a certain
    mold closing pressure (11). In the present embodiment one of said plates (31), which is stationary, is anchored in the structure (33) that communicates with the transfer and injection means (13), having a slight displacement to collect the closing pressure of the plate (32) on the mold (11) placed on said stationary plate (31). This placement of the mold (11) on the stationary plate (31) is done using centering devices (60) that are coupled in one position
    determined with complementary forms of the mold, ensuring the correct placement of the mold on the plate (31) and therefore the correct coupling being of the assembly.
    The plates (31, 32) may also have walls
    perimetrales of lace of the mold (11) to prevent the lateral expansion of the same (11) at the moment in which the closing pressure is exerted.
    The value of the mold closing pressure (11) by the
    plates (31, 32) ranges from values corresponding to the pressure
    of injection, up to higher closing pressure values, without having to reach the injection pressures in metal mold. These closing pressures, which are
    automatically regulated, they are synchronized with the execution of the different stages of the injection process, as well as with the vacuum system, thanks to the regulation and control means (15) that coordinate the pressure values exerted by the support means and closing (12) of the mold (11) with the
    position at each moment and the velocity and pressure values of the piston (24) of the injection system.
    The stationary plate (31) has an opening that coincides with the position and size of the injector nozzle (23) for its tight coupling, and also coincides with the inlet opening (43) of the mold (11).
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    The means of vacuum generation are located behind the
     license plate  of closing (32) of the support and closing means (12),
     for  that through the corresponding opening in said plate
     (32)  fits tightly to the mold (11) in the opening
    (44) intended to extract air from the mold channels (11).
    The parameters of closing pressure, feedrate and speed of the injection pressure system and therefore, the parameters of injection of the material, the conditions at which said material is found, the vacuum pressures of the mold, and the cooling parameters of the molds, are governed by the means of control and regulation (15) of the injection equipment (10), having the corresponding sensors for temperature conditions, pressure, advance regulators, identification of the mold and the piece to be made, etc. These control and regulation means (15) automatically configure the above parameters in a coordinated manner, according to the stages that follow.
    The mold (11) used in the equipment (10) is polymer based, which will have elastic properties, which vary by composition and treatments. In order to perform its application in metal injection processes and equipment, of the two parts (41, 42) into which the mold (11) can be divided
    to carry out its demoulding, in the part (41) where the injected material is entered, an opening (43) is provided for this purpose that communicates with the channels (45) that will take the metal to the cavities (46) , where the pieces are formed. Before the branch of the opening (43) of the entrance to the different channels (45) a distribution piece (47) is placed, which is of a material of greater resistance, preferably metallic or ceramic, capable of not deforming with the pressure of injected material and resist the multiple injection processes to which the mold will be subjected (11).
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    The shape of said distribution piece (47) is such that it avoids as much as possible the loss of charge at the metal inlet, and that it directs said pressurized metal to the channels (45), the principle of said channels being ( 45) without the mold suffering in the area where it receives the impact of injection, deformations that affect the useful life of the mold and the correct injection of material, as well as the correct formation of parts.
    The mold (11) has drinking fountains (48) to accommodate the air displaced by the metal that may remain after the vacuum is made.
    The mold (11) will have vacuum channels (50) that are in communication with the vacuum generating means and that in turn connect with the cavities (46) and with the channels (45) to be able to extract the air that is found already in them and the one that is subsequently introduced with the metal inlet into the injection system, by displacing the air that existed in said injection system.
    The mold (11) can incorporate cooling and / or heating elements that, in the case of silicone molds or composed of high thermal insulation resins, can provide the necessary conditions for the process of obtaining the parts.
    In alternative embodiments, with mold supply carousel, once the mold (11) has been removed from the injection equipment (10), mold cooling means (11) based on the ventilation thereof are available.
    With respect to the procedure followed by the injection equipment (10), once the mold (11) has been introduced into the support and closing means (12), both said and control means (15) have been identified mold (11), as the type of piece to be made, the following stages and configurations are performed:
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    - The support and closing means make the coupling between closing plate (32) and mold (11) that is in its correct position marked by centering devices (60) that prevent its bad placement, which is aligned with the nozzle (23 ) to make the tight coupling between mold (11) and nozzle (23).
    - The mold is closed at a pressure regulated by the regulation and control means (15), taking into account the identification of the type of mold (11) and the injection parameters that will be applied in the process, all automatically .
    - The transfer means (13) that are partially inserted in the molten metal of the furnace (16) collect the molten metal in the discharge chamber (21) through the opening (22) by having the piston (24) in its highest position allowing the metal to enter said chamber (21).
    - Prior to the beginning of the injection process itself, and / or during the metal injection itself, the vacuum is carried out on the mold (11) to extract the air from the channels (45) and the cavities (46) for the formation of pieces, by means of vacuum that are tightly coupled to said mold (11) by an opening that has for this purpose, where this vacuum system is controlled by the regulation and control system.
    - Next, the metal is injected into the polymer-based mold (11), at a pressure and speed that allows the molding of the pieces in said mold (11), regulating the advance parameters of the piston (24) and of the pressure exerted by said piston, to obtain the desired acceleration thereof.
    - Said injection of applied metal and solidification time are regulated for each type of piece and
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    injected material, proceeding once finished to the opening of the support and closing means (12) of the mold
    (11), for manual or automatic extraction, and the introduction of a new empty mold (11) for the next metal injection process;
    The control and regulation means (15) of the operating parameters of the systems included in the equipment (10), carry out a static regulation before each
    Injection procedure according to the mold (11), the material to be injected and the piece to be obtained, and dynamically during the injection process according to the stage in which it is located, controlling:
    - the parameters in which the metal to be injected into the delivery device (16) is found, that is, temperature and stirring;
    - the force of the support and closing means
    (12) on the mold (11);
    - The pressure and advance of the piston (24) and, therefore, the injection speed in the mold (11).
    - Control of the quantity, speed, pressure, temperature, etc., of the injected material and the means of transfer
    (13).
    - The mold cooling parameters (11) and solidification time.
    - The parameters of the vacuum system.
    Described sufficiently the present invention in correspondence with the attached figures, it is easy to understand that any modifications of detail that are deemed convenient may be introduced therein as long as no modifications of details are introduced that alter the essence of the invention that is summarized in the following claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
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    1a - METAL INJECTION EQUIPMENT OR LOW FUSION ALLOYS IN ELASTOMERO TYPE POLYMER MOLD of which have a metal supply either own equipment or as auxiliary equipment, characterized in that the metal or alloy injection equipment Low melting point in polymer mold, which is hot vulcanized elastomer type or Liquid Silicone (LSR) has:
    • means for transferring and injecting the metal or low melting point alloy to be injected, fed by the material supply means, where said means are constituted, at least, by means of displacement through them of said metal, and by a pressure system responsible for injecting the metal onto the polymer base mold;
    • mold support and closure means formed
    at least for a system of
    positioning / centering, formed by centers, of the mold so that it is placed in the correct position for coupling, and by an adjustable pressure closure system;
     a  system to create vacuum inside the
     mold;
     a  polymer mold of the elastomer type of
    hot vulcanization or liquid silicone (LSR) type that is introduced into the support and closing means, having a tight coupling between said mold and the transfer and injection means;
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    • means of regulation and control of the equipment, which can be both manual and automatic which at least control and regulate the device for maintaining the conditions of the metal in the means of supply of material, the means of transfer and injection, the means of support and closing of the mold, as well as the operation of the vacuum system.
    2a - METAL INJECTION EQUIPMENT OR LOW FUSION ALLOYS IN ELASTOMERO TYPE POLYMER MOLD according to the 1st claim, characterized in that the means of regulation and control of the equipment regulates and modifies, statically before each injection procedure according to the mold, the material to be injected and the piece to be obtained, as well as dynamically during the injection process, at least the following parameters:
    • The temperature and agitation parameters in which the material to be injected into the delivery device is found.
    • The force of the support and closing means on the mold.
    • The pressure, advance of the piston and, therefore, the injection speed in the mold.
    • Control of the quantity, speed, pressure, temperature, etc., of the injected material and of the means of transfer and injection.
    • The parameters of mold cooling temperature and solidification time.
    • The pressure of the vacuum system.
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    all of this, being able to perform multiple divisions or stages, as many as needed, where to control these parameters in a coordinated manner.
    3a - METAL INJECTION EQUIPMENT OR LOW FUSION ALLOYS IN ELASTOMERO POLYMER MOLD according to the 1st claim, characterized in that the vacuum system is formed by a vacuum pump system, a vacuum tank, measuring elements , particle filters and possible contaminants and the corresponding valves and ducts
    4a - METAL INJECTION EQUIPMENT OR LOW FUSION ALLOYS IN ELASTOMERO TYPE POLYMER MOLD according to the 1st claim, characterized in that the vacuum system is coupled to the mold by an opening of said mold, where said joint is sealed between them .
    5a - METAL INJECTION EQUIPMENT OR LOW FUSION ALLOYS IN ELASTOMERO TYPE POLYMER MOLD according to the 1st claim, characterized in that the metal transfer and injection means have an injection chamber prior to the mold, which is filled of the material to be injected from the oven or crucible, and where the pressure system acts.
    6a - METAL INJECTION EQUIPMENT OR LOW FUSION ALLOYS IN ELASTOMERO POLYMER MOLD according to the 5th claim, characterized in that the metal transfer and injection means are formed by a heated swan neck partially inserted into the molten metal to inject
    7a - METAL INJECTION EQUIPMENT OR LOW FUSION ALLOYS IN ELASTOMERO TYPE POLYMER MOLD according to the 1st claim, characterized in
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    that the pressure system of the metal transfer and injection means is based on a set of drive elements of the material to be injected into the mold, which are formed by a mechanical means (pneumatic piston, hydraulic piston, auger, etc.). ) controlled by the means of regulation and control, in its pressure, advance, stages and speed on the material when injected, regulated manually or automatically by
    said means of regulation and control.
    8a - METAL INJECTION EQUIPMENT OR LOW FUSION ALLOYS IN TYPE POLYMER MOLD
    ELASTOMERO according to the 1st claim, characterized in that the support and closing means have a joint integrated in the mold or independent of it, which
    facilitates the closing action at lower pressures.
    9a - METAL INJECTION EQUIPMENT OR LOW FUSION ALLOYS IN TYPE POLYMER MOLD
    ELASTOMERO according to the first claim, characterized in that the injection of the metal into the mold is carried out with a slant by gravity collection of excess material.
    10a - METAL OR ALLOY INJECTION EQUIPMENT
    LOW FUSION POINT IN TYPE POLYMER MOLD
    ELASTOMERO according to the 1st claim, characterized in that mold cooling is available by means of ventilated tables or cooling in the support and closing means.
    11a - METAL OR ALLOY INJECTION EQUIPMENT
    LOW FUSION POINT IN TYPE POLYMER MOLD
    ELASTOMERO according to the 1st claim, characterized in that there is an automatic metal control system existing in the transfer and injection means.
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    used in pressure injection equipment of metals or alloys of low melting point as indicated in claims 1a to 11a, which are constituted in two separable parts for the demolding of the pieces characterized in that the mold has:
    • at least in one of said parts, means of entry of the injected material, which lead from said entrance to the distribution channels to the cavities that form the pieces;
    • metal inlet means tightly coupled to the metal transfer and injection means of the injection equipment;
    • a part of the mold's own distribution, in said input means, located at the fork / distribution point of the input flow from the transfer and injection means, to the mold filling channels;
    • an opening for the watertight coupling of the vacuum system having independent or specific channels that communicate with all the channels and interior spaces that will receive the injected pressure metal.
    13a - ELASTOMERO TYPE POLYMER MOLD according to the
    The claim, characterized in that the distribution part integrated in the mold, is made of a material of greater resistance than that of an elastomer, such as metallic or ceramic materials, resistant to the pressures used, and to the flow of metal at said pressure.
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    12a claim, characterized in that the mold has internal protections or new distribution parts at the points of impact of the injected material in addition to the entrance from the means of
     racking e  injection, having a greater resistance to
     that of a  elastomer, such as metallic materials or
     ceramic.
     15th -  METAL INJECTION PROCEDURE OR
    LOW FUSION ALLOYS IN ELASTOMERO TYPE POLYMER MOLD of those used in equipment
    as described in claims la to 11a,
    characterized in that the procedure has at least the following stages:
    • choice of the mold to be used according to the piece to be produced, identification and introduction into the injection equipment;
    • once in the injection equipment, the mold is placed in the support and closing means, in which it is positioned and closed to the pressure that has been regulated, and which depends on the injection pressure and the type of part to be produce;
    • the means of transfer and injection of the injection equipment collect the metal in the conditions
    suitable for said oven / crucible for the system
    of pressure, once the filling stage begins
    can have in the camera of said system of
    corresponding metal pressure and thus be able
    exert pressure on it, and perform the injection stage;
    • prior to the start of the injection process itself,
    and / or during the metal injection itself, it
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    It performs the vacuum on the mold to extract the air from the channels and spaces for the formation of pieces, by means of vacuum that are tightly coupled to said mold by an opening that disposes for this purpose, where this vacuum system is controlled by the regulation and control system,
    • Next, the metal is injected into the polymer-based mold, at a pressure and speed that allows the molding of the pieces in said mold;
    • said injection of applied metal and the solidification time are regulated for each type of part and material injected, proceeding once finished to the opening of the support and closing means of the mold, for its extraction manually or automatically, and the introduction of a new empty mold for the next metal injection process;
    where said process has a means of control and regulation of the operating parameters of the systems included in the equipment, carrying out a static regulation before each injection procedure according to the mold, the material to be injected and the piece to be obtained, or dynamically during the injection process according to the stage in which you are.
    16a - METAL INJECTION PROCEDURE OR LOW FUSION ALLOYS IN ELASTOMERO TYPE POLYMER MOLD according to the 15th claim, characterized in that the parameters to be controlled at least
    They are:
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    • the temperature and agitation parameters in which the material to be injected into the delivery device is found, ie temperature and agitation;
    • the force of the support and closing means on the mold;
    • Pressure and injection speed.
    • Control of the quantity, speed, pressure, temperature, etc., of the injected material and the means of transfer.
    • The parameters of mold cooling temperature and solidification time.
    • The pressure of the vacuum system.
    17a - METAL INJECTION PROCEDURE OR
    LOW FUSION ALLOYS IN ELASTOMERO TYPE POLYMER MOLD according to the 15th claim, characterized in that the injection stage is composed of different sub-stages which are found
    controlled and regulated by the control means, and in coordination / synchronization with the support and closing means of the mold, synchronizing the intensity of the
    force that is exerted on the mold, according to the value of the injection pressure that is had in the stage of the principle of filling of the mold, in its general filling, or in its final part, correcting parameters that dynamically evolve during the process of injection and that make necessary a different regulation in the different stages that the process passes.
    18a - METAL INJECTION PROCEDURE OR
    ALLOYS OF LOW FUSION POINT IN ELASTOMERO TYPE POLYMER MOLD according to the 15th claim, characterized in that the stage of choice of the mold a
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    use in the process and its identification in the
    It is done automatically, using a carousel system that incorporates the different molds that can be used in the production process.
    19a - METAL INJECTION PROCEDURE OR
    LOW FUSION ALLOYS IN ELASTOMERO TYPE POLYMER MOLD according to the 15th claim,
    characterized in that the positioning stage in the fastening and closing means, the assembly will close at a pressure equal to or greater than that of metal injection into said mold and less than the deformation pressure due to excess pressure against the mold.
    20a - METAL INJECTION PROCEDURE OR
    LOW FUSION ALLOYS IN ELASTOMERO TYPE POLYMER MOLD according to the 15th claim,
    characterized in that the vacuum realization stage
    Before injection, once the mold has the vacuum pressure set, the control system warns of this fact.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US20190193147A1|2019-06-27|
    WO2018046787A1|2018-03-15|
    ES2631502B1|2018-06-05|
    EP3511145A4|2020-04-08|
    CN110049853A|2019-07-23|
    EP3511145A1|2019-07-17|
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    US16/330,811| US20190193147A1|2016-09-06|2017-09-06|Apparatus for the injection of metals or alloys with a low melting point into a polymeric mould of an elastomer type, the polymeric mould of an elastomer type employed, and a method for the operation of the assembly|
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